Class-6th Computer Algorithm and Flowchart

Class:-  6th 

Important Full Forms of Computer Technology

Hardware Components

1.     CPU - Central Processing Unit  

2.     GPU - Graphics Processing Unit  

3.     SSD - Solid State Drive  

4.     HDD - Hard Disk Drive  

5.     NIC - Network Interface Card  

6.     MAC - Media Access Control  

7.     BIOS - Basic Input Output System  

8.     PCB - Printed Circuit Board  

9.     CRT - Cathode Ray Tube  

10.     OLED - Organic Light-Emitting Diode  

11.     VGA - Video Graphics Array  

12.     SVGA - Super Video Graphics Array  

 Networking 

13.     LAN - Local Area Network  

14.     WAN - Wide Area Network  

15.     MAN - Metropolitan Area Network  

16.     PAN - Personal Area Network  

17.     WLAN - Wireless Local Area Network  

18.     SAN - Storage Area Network  

19.     CAN - Campus Area Network  

20.     VPN - Virtual Private Network  

21.     VLAN - Virtual Local Area Network  

22.     ISP - Internet Service Provider  

23.     DNS - Domain Name System  

24.     DHCP - Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol  

25.     TCP - Transmission Control Protocol  

26.     UDP - User Datagram Protocol  

27.     SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol  

28.     ICMP - Internet Control Message Protocol  

29.     NAT - Network Address Translation  

---

Programming & Software

30.     API - Application Programming Interface  

31.     GUI - Graphical User Interface  

32.     CLI - Command Line Interface  

33.     SDK - Software Development Kit  

34.     JVM - Java Virtual Machine  

35.     JRE - Java Runtime Environment  

36.     XML - Extensible Markup Language  

37.     HTML - Hypertext Markup Language  

38.     SQL - Structured Query Language  

39.     OOP - Object-Oriented Programming  

40.     SaaS - Software as a Service  

41.     PaaS - Platform as a Service  

42.     IaaS - Infrastructure as a Service  

 Storage & Data Transfer

43.     RAM - Random Access Memory  

44.     ROM - Read-Only Memory  

45.     USB - Universal Serial Bus  

46.     DPI - Dots Per Inch  

47.     MB - Megabyte  

48.     GB - Gigabyte  

49.     TB - Terabyte  

50.     PB - Petabyte  

51.     EB - Exabyte  

52.     ZB - Zettabyte  

53.     YB - Yottabyte  

54.     KB - Kilobyte  

55.     bps - Bits Per Second  

56.     KBps - Kilobytes Per Second  

57.     MBps - Megabytes Per Second  

58.     GBps - Gigabytes Per Second  

59.     Tbps - Terabits Per Second  

60.     IOPS - Input/Output Operations Per Second  

61.     RPM - Revolutions Per Minute  

Security & Protocols

62.     SSL - Secure Sockets Layer  

63.     TLS - Transport Layer Security  

64.     HTTPS - Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure  

65.     WEP - Wired Equivalent Privacy  

66.     WPA - Wi-Fi Protected Access  

67.     IDS - Intrusion Detection System  

68.     IPS - Intrusion Prevention System  

Miscellaneous

69.     AI - Artificial Intelligence  

70.     ML - Machine Learning  

71.     IoT - Internet of Things  

72.     ASCII - American Standard Code for Information Interchange  

73.     GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications  

74.     ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning  

75.     CRM - Customer Relationship Management  

76.     OCR - Optical Character Recognition  

77.     MICR - Magnetic Ink Character Recognition  

78.     MIDI - Musical Instrument Digital Interface  

79.     COMPUTER (Common Operating Machine Purposely Used for Technical Education Research) 

80.     IPv6 - Internet Protocol version 6  

81.     CD-ROM - Compact Disc Read-Only Memory  

82.     DVD - Digital Versatile Disc  

83.     FTP - File Transfer Protocol  

84.    HTTP - Hypertext Transfer Protocol  

85.     TFTP - Trivial File Transfer Protocol  

86.     IVR - Interactive Voice Response  

87.     RAID - Redundant Array of Independent Disks  

88.     SCSI - Small Computer System Interface  

89.     UEFI - Unified Extensible Firmware Interface  

90.     VR - Virtual Reality  

91.     WYSIWYG - What You See Is What You Get  

92.     Virus - Vital Information Resources Under Siege

93.     RAT - Remote Access Trojan

94.     WORM - Write Once Read Many

95.     SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

96.    FDD - Floppy Disk Drive

97.    FAT - File Allocation Table

98.    FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions

99.    MS - Microsoft 

100.  FIFO - First In First Out

Important Shortcut key for Computer Window

1.    Ctrl + Shift + N: Create a new folder.

2.   Ctrl + C: Copy selected text or item

3.   Ctrl + X: Cut selected text or item

4.   Ctrl + V: Paste copied or cut text or item

5.   Ctrl + Z: Undo previous action

6.   Ctrl + A: Select all text or items

7.   Ctrl + F: Find a specific word.

8.  Ctrl + S: Save document or file

9.  Ctrl + N: Open a new document or file

10.  Ctrl + O: Open an existing document or file

11. Ctrl + P: Print the current document or file

12. Alt + Tab: Switch between open windows or applications

13.  Windows key + L: Lock the computer

14.  Windows key + D: Show or hide the desktop

15.  Windows key + E: Open File Explorer

16.  Windows key + R: Open the Run dialog box

17.  F1: Open help Window

18.  F5: Refresh the current webpage 

19.  Ctrl + Alt + Delete: Open Task Manager

20.  Alt + F4 : Closed running program 

Basic questions and answers related to computer 

Q.1    Who is the father of computer?

Ans:-    Charles Babbage 

Q.2    What is computer?

Ans:-    Computer is an electronic device that transform data into meaningful information.

Q.3    What is smallest unit of data in computer ? 

Ans:-    Bit is the smallest unit of data in computer

Chapter:- 1 Algorithms and Flowcharts

Page-12    

A. Multiple Choice Questions 

1. B) Instructions

2. D) Go to 

3. C) Both a) and b) 

4. B) Diamond 

5. A) arrow going upward/backward

B. True or False  

1. True 

2. False

3. True 

4. False 

5.  True

6. False 

C. Fill in the blanks 

1. Circle area calculation

Start  

1. Input radius  

2. Set pi = 3.14  

2. Set z = radius * radius  * pi  

3. Display z  

End  

2. Dividing bigger number with smaller.

START  

Step 1: Input number1  

Step 2: Input number2  

Step 3: if number1 > number2 then go to Step 5  

Step 4: if number1 < number2 then go to 6  

Step 5: Set a = number1 / number2 then go to Step 7  

Step 6: Set a = number2 / number1  

Step 7: Display a  

END  

3. Check pocket money and buy items 

START  

Step 1: Set pocket_money=1200  

Step 2: Input burger  

Step 3: Input jeans  

Step 4: if burger + jeans < pocket_money, display "Buy both"  

Step 5: if pocket_money - burger < jeans, display "Buy only burger"  

Step 6: if pocket_money - jeans < burger, display "Buy only jeans"  

END  

4. Loop until input is 0. If input is even, display its square otherwise display its cube. 

START  

Step 1: Set num=0  

Step 2: Display "Enter a number"  

Step 3: Input num  

Step 4: if num is 0  , go to END  

Step 5: if num modulus 2 = 0, otherwise go to Step 8  

Step 6: Display num _ num  

Step 7: Go to Step 2  

Step 8: If num modulus 2 is not 0  

Step 9: Display num _ num _ num  

Step 10: Go to Step 2  

END  

C. Key Vocabulary 

 Algorithm:-     A set of statements arranged in a logical sequence to execute a task.

Flowchart:-     Visual presentation of an algorithm showing flow of a program.

Logic:-      A reasonably justified sequence of steps or any such explanation.

 D.     Answer the following questions 

Q.1    What is an algorithm ? Write its 5 benefits or uses. 

Ans:-    An algorithm is a set of statements arranged in a logical sequence to execute a task. 

Benefits of algorithm :

i) Clear logic 

ii) Language independent 

iii) Easy debugging 

iv) Better Development

v) Reusability

Q.2    What is a flowchart? How is it different from an algorithm?

Ans:-   Flowchart:- A flowchart is a visual representation of an algorithm . 

Algorithm                               Flowchart

i) Written in words           i) Drawn using symbols/diagram

ii) Text based                       ii)  Pictorial base 

iii) Harder to understand   iii) Easier to understand visually

Q.3     Describe major components of a flowchart briefly . 

Ans:-    The common symbols that make the parts of a flowchart are explained here.

Terminators:- They mark the beginning and ending of the flowchart. They are labelled as START or END. They are represented by a capsule shape.

Process:-   The calculations such as arithmetic operations are showed inside process box represented by a rectangle. 

Input/ Output:- These are shown by a parallelogram. 

Decisions :- The decisions are mentioned as a question in a diamond shape.

 Arrows :-  Arrows show the direction of the flowchart. 

Connectors :- A connector mentions the next page number form where the flowchart is continuing connectors are shown with perfect circles.

Q.4    What do you mean by a loop ? 

Ans:-    A loop is a programming concept where a set of instructions is repeated multiple times until a certain condition is met.

Q.5    Write algorithms and draw flowcharts for the following:

 a. Calculate the area of a right-angled triangle

Algorithm:

    1. Start

    2. Input base, height of the triangle

    3. Calculate Area = $0.5 \times base \times height$

    4. Display Area

    5. Stop

 FlowChart :-  

B.     Input lengths and breadths of two rectangles and find which one is bigger.

Algorithm:

    1. Start

    2. Input L1, B1 for rectangle 1

    3. Input L2, B2 for rectangle 2

    4. Calculate Area1 = L1 *  B1

    5. Calculate Area2 = L2 * B2

    6. If Area1 > Area2 then Display "Rectangle 1 is bigger"

    7. Else if Area2 > Area1 then Display "Rectangle 2 is bigger"

    8. Else Display "Both are equal"

    9. Stop

Flowchart  :- 

C.     Accept password twice, check if same. If not, accept again.

Algorithm:

    1. Start

    2. Repeat:

          - Input Password1

          - Input Password2

          - If Password1 = Password2 then Break loop

          - Else Display "Passwords do not match, enter again"

    3. Display "Password accepted"

    4. Stop

Flowchart: 

 

 

D.    Display perimeter of square -

Algorithm:

Step 1: Set p to 0

Step 2: input length 

Step 3 : Set p to length *4 

Step 4 : Display P

END

Flowchart :- 

Class-5th Computer Generations of computer

 Class-5th Computer for VGS

  Important Full forms 

1.    CPU :-    Central Processing Unit 

2.    CD:-    Compact Disc

3.    RAM:-     Random Access Memory 

4.    ROM :-    Read Only Memory 

5.    HDD:-      Hard Disk Drive 

6.    KB:-        Kilobytes 

7.    MB:-       Megabyte

8.    GB:-        Gigabyte

9.    USB:-      Universal Serial Bus

10.   OS:-        Operating System

11.    URL:-     Uniform Resource Locator

12.    UPS:-      Uninterruptible Power Supply

13.   HTTP:-    HyperText Transfer Protocol

14.   HTML:-    HyperText Markup Language

15.     ISP:-    Internet Service Provider

16.    DVD:-    Digital Versatile Disc

17.     PC:-        Personal Computer

18.     DOS:-     Disk Operating System

19.     MS:-        Microsoft

20.     GUI:-    Graphical User Interface

Shortcut keys

1.     Ctrl + Shift + N:-    Create New Folder

2.     Ctrl + C:-    Copy any text or item

3.     Ctrl + X:-    Cut selected text or item

4.     Ctrl + V:-    Paste copied text or item

5.     Ctrl + Z:-    Undo previous action

6.     Ctrl + A:-    Select all text or items

7.     Ctrl + F:-    Find specific word

8.     Ctrl + S:-    Save document or file

9.     Ctrl + N:- Open a new page

10.     Ctrl + O:- Open existing document or file

11.     Ctrl + P:- Print current file

12.     Windows key + L:- Lock the computer

13.   Windows Key +D :-    Show or hide desktop

14.    F1 :-    Open help window

15.    F5 :-    Refresh current page

Basic questions and answers related to computer 

Q.1    Who is the father of computer ?

Ans:-    Charles Babbage 

Q.2    What is computer ?

Ans:-    Computer is an electronic device that transform data into meaningful information.

Q.3    What is smallest unit of data in computer ? 

Ans:-    Bit is the smallest unit of data in computer

Chapter -1     Generation of computer 

A.     Key Vocabulary

1. Punched card → A card with holes punched in it to represent data for computers.  

2. Algorithm → Set of clear steps to perform a task just like a recipe of a food item.  

3. Mainframe → lesser powerful than a supercomputer used a server in large enterprises.  

4. Internet of thing → IoT - technology to connect devices over the internet.

B.    Answer the following question

Q.1     What is an abacus and how is it used?

Ans:-   The abacus is an ancient manual calculating frame with movable beads on rods use for basic arithmetic operations  

Q.2     What are the supercomputer and what are they used for?

Ans:-    Supercomputers are the fastest most powerful computers. They solve big tasks like weather report, space study and science work  

Q.3     Write any 4 limitations of computers.

Ans:-    1. Computers have no brain of their own.  

2.     They lack common sense.  

3.     They show no feelings.  

4.     They need power and human help to work.  

Q.4     Write any 4 characteristic of computers.

Ans:-     1. Computer works very fast  

2. They give correct result.  

3. They store lots of data.  

4. They can do many types of job.  

Q.5     Write any 2 features of the following generation of computer.

Ans:-  Generation 1: - i) Used vaccum tubes for circuitry  

    ii) Large in size.  

Generation 2 :-

i) Used transistor 

ii) Smaller, faster and more reliable  

Generation 3:-

i) Used Integrated circuits 

ii) High level language  

Generation 4:-

i) Development of personal computer and internet 

ii) Used microprocessor  

Generation 5:- 

i) Based on AI and parallel processing 

 ii) Used Advanced Language - Python and R

 

Gk Event-1 ( Chemistry Basic -1)

Session -5 

GK Event-1

Chemistry Basic -1 

Q.1  What is the main gas in air? 

Ans:-  Nitrogen 

Q.2   What is LPG(Liquefied Petroleum Gas)  mainly composed of? 

Ans:- Butane and propane 

Q.3  What is the lightest element? 

Ans:-  Hydrogen 

Q.4  What is the heaviest naturally occurring element? 

Ans:-  Uranium 

Q.5  Which gas turns limewater milky?

Ans:- Carbon dioxide

Q.6   What type of reaction is burning? 

Ans:-  Combustion reaction (दहन अभिक्रिया)

Q.7   What is the study of chemicals called? 

Ans :-  Chemistry 

Q. 8   What is baking soda’s chemical name? 

Ans:- Sodium bicarbonate 

Q.9  What is the process of water cycle called? 

Ans :- Hydrological cycle

 

Q.10 What is the main component of natural gas? 

Ans:- Methane

If you have any doubt related questions then you can ask by comment box 

GK Event :- 27 (Know About your State :- Uttar Pradesh)

  Session-4

GK Event -27

https://limewire.com/d/Qqt76#6iKJWFHnQp

Topic :- Know About your State :- Uttar Pradesh

Old Name :-     Oudh ( Awadh ) United Province 

     Formation Day :- 24th January 1950

Region :-     North India 

Capital :- Lucknow 

Area :- 243, 286 km² [Rank 4th]

Population :- 241 Million approximately [Rank1st]

Language :- Hindi , Urdu 

Agriculture :- Wheat , Sugarcane , Potato , Milk etc. 

Industries :- Sugarcane , Textiles , Cement , Handicraft Industries . 

Minerals :- Limestone , coal , silica sand and dolomite etc.

Transport :-    

            Road :- 3,00,000 Kilometers 

            Express ways : 13

            National highways :- 48 

            State Highways :-    83

Railways :-     9000 Km to 9500 Km 

            Railways Station :- 1200

Airways :-

           Airport :- 21

Divisions :-    18 divisions (मंडल ) 

District :-    75 district ( जिला )

State Legislative : 

            Council :- 100 seats 

            Assembly :- 403 seats 

Lok Sabha :- 80 seats 

Rajya Sabha :- 31 seats 

Municipal Corporation  :- 17

Municipal Councils ( committees) :- 200 

Zila Panchayats :- 75 

Nagar Panchayats :- 517

Village Panchayats :- 58,000

Famous Festivals :-    Holi , Diwali , Krishna Janmashtmi , Ram Navmi etc. 

Famous fairs and Events :- Kumbh Mela , Taj Mahotsav . 

Famous Pilgrimage site :- 

        Ram Mandir ( Ayodhya ) 

        Kashi Vishwanath ( Varanasi )

        Krishna Janma Bhoomi ( Mathura ) 

        Kamtanath Temple ( Chitrakoot ) 

        Naimisharanya ( Sitapur ) 

        Sarnath Stupa ( Varanasi ) 

       Triveni Sangam ( Prayagraj ) 

Tourist Places ( Architectual wonders ) 

    Taj Mahal 

    Agra Fort 

    Fatehpur Sikri 

    Allahabad Fort 

    Jhanshi Fort 

    Imambara etc . 

National Park / Safari : 

    Dudhwa National Park ( Pilibhit ) 

    Lion Safari ( Etawah ) 

Zoological Parks (Zoo) :

    Nawab Wazid Ali Shah Zoo ( Lucknow ) 

    Allen Forest Zoo ( Kanpur ) 

    Ashfaqualla Khan Zoo( Gorakhpur) 

State Bird :- Sarus ( Crane ) 

State Flower :- Palash 

State Mammal :- Barasingha 

State Tree:-    Ashoka Tree 

First Governor :- Sarojini Naidu 

First Chief Minister :- Govind Ballabh Pant 

Class- 7th Chapter 10: Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality

 Chapter 10: Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality

 Exercises (Pgs. 176-178) 

A. Tick (✓) the correct answers. 

1. b 

2. b 

3. b 

4. c 

5. b 

B. Fill in the blanks. 

1. immersion 

2. Spectacles 

3. QR codes 

4. real 

5. navigation 

C. Write T for True and F for False. 

1. True

2. True

3. False

4. False

5. True

A.    Answer the following questions in Short . 

Q.1    What is Augmented Reality ? What is the main purpose of Augmented Reality in enhancing user Experiences ? 

Ans:-     Augmented reality (AR) overlays interactive digital images and information onto the real world, enhancing perception. Using smartphones or headsets, users can view virtual objects, like furniture, seamlessly integrated into physical surroundings in real time.

Q.2    Explain how virtual Reality works . What kind of equipment do you need to use it ? 

Ans:-    Virtual Reality works by creating a computer-generated 3D environment viewed through a VR headset. Sensors track head and hand movements, updating visuals instantly. Required equipment includes a VR headset, motion controllers, tracking sensors, and sometimes a powerful computer or gaming console.

Q.3    Different between AR and VR . 

Ans:-    Augmented Reality (AR): - Augmented Reality is a technology that overlays digital images, information, or objects onto the real-world environment, enhancing what users see and interact with without replacing the physical surroundings.

Virtual Reality (VR):- Virtual Reality is a technology that creates a fully computer-generated environment that completely replaces the real world, allowing users to experience and interact within a simulated digital space.

Q.4    Explain any three types of Augmented Reality  . 

Ans:-    Augmented Reality Type :

1. Marker-Based AR: Uses printed markers or images to trigger and display digital content.

2. Markerless AR: Uses GPS and sensors to place virtual objects without physical markers.

3. Projection-Based AR: Projects digital images onto real surfaces and allows interaction.

 Q.5    List three uses each of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality . 

Ans:-   Uses of Augmented Reality (AR):- 

1. Virtual furniture placement in rooms before purchase.

2. Navigation with real-time directions overlay.

3. Interactive learning in education and training.

Uses of Virtual Reality (VR):- 

1. Immersive gaming experiences.

2. Virtual training for medical, military, or industrial purposes.

3. Virtual tourism and exploration of distant locations.

Class-8 Chapter 10: Google Drive

 Chapter 10: Google Drive 

Exercises (Pgs. 175-177) 

A. Tick (✓) the correct answers. 

1. a 

2. c 

3. b 

4. b 

5. b 

B. Fill in the blanks. 

1. Trash 

2. File 

3. Empty Trash 

4. Starred 

5. view, comment, or edit 

C. Write T for True and F for False. 

1. False

2. True

3. False

4. True

5. True

A. Answer the following questions in short.

Q.1    What is Google Photos ? 

Ans:-     Google Photos is a cloud service by Google that stores, backs up, organizes, and shares photos and videos, with easy access, search, and basic editing features.

Q.2    How much space does Google Drive offer us?

Ans :- Google Drive provides 15 gigabytes ( GB) of free storage space to save files and folders online. 

Q.3    How many file types does Google Drive support?

Ans:-    Google Drive supports over 100 files types, including documents , spreadsheets , presentations , images , videos and .zip files. 

Q. 4    Who developed Google Drive ? 

Ans:-     Google Drive was developed by Google in April 2012 as a cloud storage and file-sharing service.

B. Answer the following questions in long.

Q.1   What is Google Drive ?What are the benefits of using Google Drive for file storage and management ?  

 Ans:-    Google Drive is a cloud-based service that allows users to store, access, and manage files online. You can upload documents, images, and more to a secure platform that’s accessible from any device, including computers, smartphones, and tablets. The benefits of using

Google Drive for file storage and management are as follows 

• Offline Access:  

• File Sharing: 

• Save Links and Images Directly: 

• File Conversion:

• Search and Organise Files: 

• Drag-and-Drop Uploading: 

Q.2    How can starring ✬ files and folder in google Drive improve organisation and productivity ? 

Ans:-  Starring files and folders in Google Drive helps you quickly find and access important or frequently used items. Starred files can be easily accessed from the Starred section in the left navigation panel.   

Q.3    Describe the different access levels that can be granted when sharing a file on Google Drive . 

Ans:- Google Drive provides three main access levels when sharing a file.

Viewer – The user can only view or read the file. They cannot make any changes or add comments.

Commenter – The user can view the file and add comments or suggestions, but they cannot edit the content.

Editor – The user has full access to view, edit, and comment on the file.

These access levels help control how others interact with your shared files.

Q.4    Difference between Viewer and Editor access levels in Google Drive . 

Ans:-    Google Drive offers Viewer and Editor access. Viewer access allows users to only view or read the file without making changes or comments. Editor access allows users to view, edit, modify content, and add comments for full collaboration.

Q.5    How can you delete a file permanently in Google Drive ? 

Ans:- To delete a file or folder permanently in Google Drive, follow these steps:

1. Select the file or folder and click on the Remove button to move it to Trash.

2. In the left navigation pane, click on Trash to view the deleted files.

3. To permanently delete files, click on the Trash drop down button at the top and select Empty trash.